What is this test?
Haemoglobin electrophoresis separates different forms of haemoglobin. It can support investigation of thalassaemia and structural haemoglobin variants when interpreted with the CBC, iron status and family background.
Why might it be ordered?
- To investigate lifelong small red cells, unexplained anaemia or a family history of a haemoglobin disorder.
- For carrier assessment or follow-up after an abnormal screening result.
What sample is needed?
A blood sample is required. The laboratory chooses the correct tube and handles the sample for this test.
How should you prepare?
Fasting is usually unnecessary. Tell the clinician about any recent blood transfusion, because donor cells can affect the pattern for a period of time.
How should you understand the result?
The proportions of haemoglobin types may suggest a carrier state or disorder, but iron deficiency, age and recent transfusion can alter interpretation. Genetic testing may sometimes be needed.
Sources and editorial status
This patient-facing text is an editorial draft. It should be approved by a laboratory physician before official publication.